Comparison of Conventional and Modern Extraction Methods on the Antibacterial Activity of Natural Products
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53089/medula.v16i3.1774Keywords:
Antibacteria, conventional extraction, modern extractionAbstract
Indonesia memiliki keanekaragaman hayati yang kaya, dan banyak spesies tumbuhan yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai agen antibakteri. Pemilihan metode ekstraksi diduga memengaruhi efektivitas antibakteri. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan efektivitas metode ekstraksi konvensional dan modern dalam menghasilkan hasil optimal dan aktivitas antibakteri. Studi ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan tinjauan sistematis. Penelaahan literatur menghasilkan 27 studi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Metode konvensional yang paling umum diterapkan meliputi maserasi dan sokletasi, sedangkan teknik modern yang diidentifikasi meliputi ekstraksi berbantuan gelombang mikro (MAE), ekstraksi berbantuan ultrasonik (UAE), dan ekstraksi fluida superkritis (SFE). Bukti yang ditinjau menunjukkan bahwa metode ekstraksi modern mampu menghasilkan hasil yang lebih tinggi dalam durasi yang lebih singkat dibandingkan dengan teknik konvensional. Lebih lanjut, aktivitas antibakteri tertinggi juga dilaporkan pada ekstrak yang dihasilkan melalui metode modern. Meskipun demikian, beberapa studi menunjukkan bahwa metode konvensional masih dapat menghasilkan aktivitas antibakteri yang kompetitif, tergantung pada pilihan pelarut dan karakteristik fitokimia bahan tanaman. Secara keseluruhan, metode ekstraksi modern menawarkan peningkatan efisiensi dan potensi untuk meningkatkan aktivitas antibakteri, namun pemilihan metode yang ideal harus mempertimbangkan sifat bahan baku, senyawa target, dan aplikasi yang dimaksud.
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