Relationship Between Hypertension and Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) : A Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53089/medula.v15i4.1694Keywords:
Coronary Artery Disease, Hypertension, Risk FactorAbstract
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is still one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, including in Indonesia with a steadily rising prevalence. Hypertension is recognized as a major risk factor, as it accelerates atherosclerosis, induces endothelial dysfunction, and promotes cardiac structural changes that ultimately lead to coronary artery narrowing. This study employed a literature review approach by analyzing scientific articles discussing the association between hypertension and CAD in Indonesia. The findings show a significant relationship between hypertension and CAD, with p-values < 0.05 across multiple studies, and hypertensive individuals found to be more than twice as likely to develop CAD compared to normotensive individuals. Pathophysiologically, chronic hypertension contributes to hemodynamic disturbances, cardiac remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), thereby accelerating atherosclerosis and triggering myocardial infarction. These results highlight the importance of early detection and effective management of hypertension as essential strategies for preventing cardiovascular complications.
References
Amisi W, Nelwan J, Kolibu F. Hubungan Antara Hipertensi Dengan Kejadian Penyakit Jantung Koroner Pada Pasien Yang Berobat di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. J KESMAS. 2018;7(4).
World Health Organization. Cardiovascular Disease [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2025 Sep 8]. Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/cardiovascular-diseases#tab=tab_1
Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Kardiovaskular. Panduan Rehabilitasi Kardiovaskular. 1st ed. PERKI; 2019.
Sidaria, Huriani E, Nasution S. Self Care dan Kualitas Hidup Pasien Penyakit Jantung Koroner. JIK J ILMU Kesehat. 2023 Apr 30;7(1):41.
Ghani L, Susilawati M, Novriani H. Faktor Risiko Dominan Penyakit Jantung Koroner di Indonesia. Bul Penelit Kesehat. 2016;44(3):153–64.
Zuraida, Candra A, Wahab A. Hubungan Kadar Kolesterol Total dan Hipertensi Pada Orang Yang Melakukan Olahraga Senam Jantung Sehat di Kecamatan Glumpang Tiga. J Med Malahayati. 2021;5(1):68–76.
Ramandityo D. Hubungan Hipertensi Dengan Keparahan Penyakit Jantung Koroner Berdasarkan Sullivan Vessel Score. [Jakarta]: Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah; 2016.
Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Laporan Nasional RISKESDAS 2018. Jakarta: Badan Penerbit dan Pengembangan Kesehatan (LPB); 2018.
Kumalasari I. Analisis Epidemiologi Prevalensi dan Faktor Risiko Hipertensi Berdasarkan Variabel Orang, Tempat, dan Waktu di Kota Palembang. Sehat Rakyat J Kesehat Masy. 2025 May 20;4(2):360–71.
Minata F, Irwanza M. Hubungan Antara Hipertensi dan Kadar Kolesterol Dengan Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK) di RSUD Besemah Pagar Alam. J Kesehat Saelmakers Perdana. 2019;2(2):214–9.
Alamsyah, Yunus M, Samsir, Sulasri, Botutihe F. Hubungan Hipertensi Dengan Penyakit Jantung Koroner di Ruang ICU Rumah Sakit TK. II Pelamonia Makassar. 2020;1(1):11–9.
Naomi W, Picauly I, Toy S. Faktor Risiko Kejadian Penyakit Jantung Koroner (Studi Kasus di RSUD Prof. Dr. W. Z. Johannes Kupang). Media Kesehat Masy. 2021;(1):99–107.
Hafiza R, Candra A, Lidiawati M. Hubungan Hipertensi, Kadar Kolesterol Total, dan Kadar LDL Terhadap Penyakit Jantung Koroner di Poli Jantung Rumah Sakit Pertamedika Ummi Rosnati Kota Banda Aceh. J Ilmu Kedokt dan Kesehat. 2024;11(10):2549–4864.
Alkhusari, Handayani M, Saputra M, Rhomadhon M. Analisis Kejadian Penyakit Jantung Koroner di Poliklinik Jantung. J ’Aisyiyah Med. 2020;5:99–110.
Lukitaningtyas D, Cahyono E. Hipertensi : Artikel Review. J Pengemb Ilmu dan Prakt Kesehat. 2023;2(2):100–17.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Medical Profession Journal of Lampung
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
