Diabetes Mellitus Management : An Update

Authors

  • Alfi Hakim Universitas Lampung
  • Helmi Ismunandar
  • Ari Wahyuni
  • Putu Ristyaning Ayu Sangging

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53089/medula.v12i1.388

Keywords:

Diabetes mellitus, therapy, insulin

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a disease that belongs to the group of metabolic diseases with signs of hyperglycemia as a result of defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. Indonesia ranks 7th in terms of the highest diabetes prevalence in the world. WHO reports that the number of diabetes mellitus patients in Indonesia increases from 8.4 million in 2000 to 21.3 million in 2030. In 2022 alone, the International Diabetes Federation noted that there were 537 million DM sufferers worldwide. The pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus is a complex process and involves many factors. Generally, diabetes is grouped into several types, namely type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes, and other specific diabetes. If not managed properly, Diabetes mellitus will cause various complications. The most common is diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness. Patients with diabetes mellitus can also be accompanied by hypertension. Hypertension and Diabetes mellitus are two diseases that have a very close relationship. Insulin is the only drug used for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus patients, but in addition it must also be accompanied by diet, exercise, and education arrangements, which are supported by independent monitoring, while Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is treated with metformin as the first line and non-pharmacological to lower blood glucose.

Author Biographies

Helmi Ismunandar

 

 

Ari Wahyuni

 

 

Putu Ristyaning Ayu Sangging

 

 

References

Sudoyo AW, Setiyohadi B, Alwi I, Simadibrata M, Setiati S. Buku ajar ilmu penyakit dalam. 6th ed. Jakarta: Internal Publishing; 2014.

Sari, MA. Faktor Risiko Kejadian Diabetes Melitus Tipe II Pada Masyarakat Urban. Skripsi. Semarang: Universitas Negeri Semarang; 2016.

Fox C J, Gillespie CR, Kilvert A, Sinclair AJ. Diabetes care for the most vulnerable in society - The views of professionals working in care homes and domiciliary care using focus group methodology. British Journal of Diabetes and Vascular Disease. 2013; 13(5–6):244–248

Faida AN, Santik YDP. Kejadian Diabetes Melitus Tipe I pada Usia 10-30 Tahun. Higeia Journal of Public Health Research and Development. 2020; 4(1):33–42.

International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes Atlas 9th Edition;2019.

Santos H. Merdeka Diabetes. Jakarta: Bhuana Ilmu Populer; 2017.

Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia. Diagnosis dan Tata Laksana Diabetes Melitus Tipe-1 pada Anak dan Remaja. Jakarta. Unit Kerja Koordinasi Endokrinologi; 2017.

Pulungan AB, Juwita E, Pudjiadi AH, Rahmayanti S, Tsaniya I. Diabetic ketoacidosis in adolescents and children: a prospective study of blood versus urine ketones in monitoring therapeutic response. Indones J Intern Med. 2018; 50:46-52.

Ambarwati WN. Konseling pencegahan dan penatalaksanaan penderita diabetes mellitus. Publikasi Ilmiah Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. 2012; 2(1):55-70.

Ndraha S. Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 dan Tatalaksana Terkini. MEDICINUS. 2014; 27(2)9-16.

PERKENI. Konsesus dan Pencegahan Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 Di Indonesia.Jakarta : PB Perkeni;2015.

Decroli E. Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2. Padang: Pusat Penerbitan Bagian Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas; 2019.

Sanchez-Rangel E, Inzucchi SE. Metformin: clinical use in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2017; 60(9):1586–93.

Chatterjee S, Davies MJ. Current management of diabetes mellitus and future directions in care. Postgrad Med J. 2015; 91: 612-621.

Published

2022-07-31

How to Cite

Hakim, A., Ismunandar, H., Wahyuni, A., & Sangging, P. R. A. (2022). Diabetes Mellitus Management : An Update. Medical Profession Journal of Lampung, 12(1), 160-165. https://doi.org/10.53089/medula.v12i1.388

Issue

Section

Artikel